Social Influences on the Individual

Pushing Too Hard Free Essays

Issues in Youth Athletic Problems in Youth Athletics One of the best sentiments a parent can encounter is viewing a youngster exceed expectations in a movement. As it should be, numerous guardians urge kids to perform well in sports. The issues start when the support starts to go excessively far. We will compose a custom article test on Pushing Too Hard or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now Numerous guardians and mentors flunky surpass the limits of support, and enter a domain of misuse. A ton of this conduct will begin when a parent of mentor accepts that they are coaching the following whiz competitor. At the point when guardians and mentors begin to see youngsters as significant possibilities the issues in youth games start to become significant issues. In the 1950’s youth athletic projects started to become rapidly everywhere throughout the United States. Today a large number of youngsters take an interest in sorted out youth sports programs. These projects were embarked to help build up the aptitudes of the adolescent in sports as well as in life also. Additionally, a significant focal point of the young associations was for the kids to have a great time. In the previous not many years, the focal point of the young associations has been changed by the guardians and mentors because of the emphasis on execution and winning. Youngsters are being acquainted with serious play at a prior age than any time in recent memory. A portion of the adolescent alliances have youngsters contending as ahead of schedule as age four. Today numerous kids are relied upon to play one game throughout the entire year through different classes. A dedication of this level isn't useful for little youngsters. There are numerous issues that join pushing kids too hard in serious games. â€Å"Burnout† is perhaps the most serious issue a youthful competitor can understanding during youth sports. Burnout is otherwise called overtraining condition. As indicated by the Childrens Memorial Hospital, â€Å"burnout, or overtraining is a condition where a competitor encounters exhaustion and declining execution in his/her game notwithstanding proceeding or expanded preparing. †(2002). There are numerous elements that can prompt burnout in a youthful competitor today. Burnout can be brought about by strain to perform at a significant level, from guardians and mentors. Guardians pushing youngsters through unreasonable preparing will likewise add to burnout. Unnecessary preparing can be viewed as guardians pushing kids to play just one game, and play that sport throughout the entire year. Burnout doesn't simply imply that a youthful competitor wouldn't like to play sports any more, yet in addition has different repercussions. Childrens Memorial Hospital expresses that indications of burnout can likewise incorporate muscle and joint agony, weariness, and weight reduction among different manifestations. (2009). For some youthful competitors burnout will make them quit sports all together. This is turning into a significant issue with youngsters in their initial teenagers. Cary expressed that exactly eighteen million kids quit taking an interest in group activities in 2002. (2004). This is an extremely baffling number thinking about what number of those youngsters cherished the games they played at once. Burnout makes numerous capable players quit playing since they abhor sports any more. As guardians and mentors keep on getting increasingly forceful toward youth sports, wounds to the participatants are on the ascent. The familiar axiom, careful discipline brings about promising results might be valid be that as it may, abuse can likewise make injury youthful competitors. As more kids are driven into taking an interest in only one game, and regularly on an all year plan, specialists are seeing more abuse wounds. The National Alliance for Youth Sports expressed that Dr. James Andrews, and orthopedic specialist, is considering four to be the same number of abuse wounds than he did over the most recent five years. (2010). A genuine case of abuse is in youth baseball travel groups. A capable pitcher is approached to contribute at least thirty games in a season. They would likewise have the little youngster rehearsing all year. The pitchers at the expert level are not approached to contribute that much a season to forestall injury. The kids are not shielded from abuse however the experts are. At the point when a parent or mentor requests that a youthful competitor perform at a level that even the experts are shielded from, it is simply a question of time before a youngster will support a physical issue. At the point when youth sport started the projects were achieved with incredible expectations. Kids were upheld by positive good examples and scholarly cooperation, however above all else had a ton of fun figuring out how to play a game with their companions. It has been demonstrated that guardians and mentors are removing the fun from youth sports. A large number of the guardians need to accept that kids will have some good times on the off chance that they are the best at the game they play. Overtraining a kid has demonstrated that youngsters quit having a fabulous time and no longer consideration to play sports. The calendar and extreme preparing that numerous youngsters are being driven into are making numerous kids abandon sports. Most kids need to begin taking part in youth sports in light of the fact that â€Å"They need to make some great memories, make companions, and discover some new information. † (Stenson 2004). â€Å"Avery Faigenbaum, a partner educator of activity science at the University of Massachusetts in Boston asks kids who have stopped for what valid reason they are not, at this point keen on sports their common reaction: â€Å"It isn't fun any longer. †. (Stenson 2004) This demonstrates pushing kids excessively hard in sports will just remove the fun from the game. At the point when the kids would prefer not to play any more drawn out then constantly put resources into over preparing kids won't advantage anybody. At the point when guar dians and mentors remove the fun from sports the youngsters won't learn collaboration, and will have lower confidence. Kids ought to have the option to appreciate sports and addition the entirety of the advantages from messing around they love. Moves must be made to determine the issues in youth sports. The kids are the ones getting injured during the time spent guardians and mentors pushing excessively hard in youth games. As children quit playing sports they become progressively vulnerable to terrible impacts and poor dynamic. Without playing sports, youngsters will turn out to be less truly dynamic. Youngsters that are not genuinely dynamic will have a more serious danger of getting hefty. Children that are stout at a youthful age have more wellbeing dangers as they get more established. At the point when the kids that have dropped out of youth games get more established the poor dynamic can truly produce results. Without the positive impact that a group activity can have on kids, they will be bound to take a stab at utilizing drugs. Youngsters utilizing medications will just prompt more issues and other criminal behavior. Guardians are an enormous issue in youth games. Numerous guardians have transformed viewing their kids play into something increasingly genuine that it truly is. As per Parade, there was where a lady attacked a multi year old kid who was pulling for the group her child was playing against. (2005). There have been many time that guardians and mentors have made kids keep on throwing in a youth ball game despite the fact that the kid was griping that their arm was harming. One of the most pessimistic scenarios of guardians going excessively far over youth sports came at a hockey practice. Two guardians were associated with a battle and one of the men was pounded the life out of during the quarrel. Kids ought to never be observer to these sorts of activities, particularly during interest of a game. Mentors can be similarly as large of an issue as guardians in youth games. Numerous adolescent mentors need to win regardless of the stuff. Mentors have been seen shouting at youngsters when they commit an error. They have been seen pushing and in any event, hitting kids during a training or game. Mentors are the ones who set out excessively requesting practice plans. It appears as if numerous mentors have overlooked what it truly intends to be a mentor. The focal point of youth games today needs to move to fixing the issues in Youth sports. Guardians and mentors need to quit attempting to live their fantasies through the kids they tutor. There are a couple of individuals who comprehend that changes must be made in youth sports. A few associations have started to fire up with the vision of showing guardians and mentors how to be certain good examples in children’s sports. The National Alliance for Youth Sports has guaranteed more than 2,000,000 youth mentors. (Cary 2004). The Positive Coaching Alliance is a preparation program that shows guardians and mentors to be sure. The well known National Basketball Association mentor, Phil Jackson found the thoughts of the PCA to likewise be compelling at the expert level. (Cary 2004). These projects are only a decent starting to changing the manner in which youth games are stumbled into the United States. Probably the best program to improve youth games began in the territory of Maine. The program is called Sports Done Right. As per Parade, it is a program driven by Duke Albanese and Robert Cobb. The SDR program marks guardians and mentors as the two most serious issues in youth sports. The program necessitates that guardians of youngsters in youth games go to instructional meetings on conduct at games. The guardians additionally need to sign a minimal to keep a better quality of sportsmanship. (2005). On the off chance that enhancements are to be made in any young games program must be a fundamental core interest. The Sports Done Right Program is on instructing too. Sports Done Right suggests remuneration dependent on their degree of preparing. †(Parade 2005). Mentors that are prepared in the right approaches to spur and encourage youngsters see upgrades in their capacities. As guardians and mentors get legitimate preparing in managing youth games, the youngsters taking an interest will have a great time playing sports. Similarly as with numerous things thro ughout everyday life, youth sports have floated away from the first aims. Youth sports associations started as a path for youngsters to remain occupied and avoid inconvenience. Sports gave youngsters good examples to turn upward to. Kids will consistently profit by the physical activ

Personal Reflection Essay Samples - How to Use Them Effectively

Personal Reflection Essay Samples - How to Use Them EffectivelyThere are lots of personal reflection essay samples in the internet. To start from, many professional individuals and even students are employing them to help boost their own scores when it comes to writing. For this reason, you should understand that when you are using an essay example, it is meant to be used for your needs.Sometimes, these essay examples may not be suitable for your particular requirements. Therefore, it is necessary that you must understand how it can help your efforts. It will be a great advantage for you if you consider these things before using one of these essays samples. Once you have concluded what they are good for, you will then be able to use them properly.A lot of people want to know that are the strengths and weaknesses of the writing samples offered by the websites that offer these essays. While you may get this information from these websites, you must also remember that no one else can pr ovide you with a comprehensive knowledge of these things. These samples are meant for a specific purpose. They are meant to be used as a guide and sample. They are not meant to be the one and only solution to all your writing needs.This is something that you need to remember when it comes to the personal reflection essay samples. You will find that most of the samples in the internet will work on a certain level and there are also some that will work better than others. Before you choose one, you should look at several factors such as the writing style of the example, the options that are provided in the sample, the background of the author and other factors.It is important that you consider all these things because they will ensure that you choose the best type of essay that is compatible with your particular subject. Before you even begin, you should determine the format of the essay sample that you will use. This includes the length of the essay, the topics of the essay, the leng th of the essay, and the format. Once you have determined the format and chosen the kind of essay that you will use, you will then be able to achieve a much higher rate of success.You should also be aware that there are many different types of samples that are available online. When you look at these samples, you will see that the number of the different options is huge. These choices include essay samples that are based on different topics, those that are based on personal stories, those that are based on scientific facts, and so on.You should also take note that there are actually many websites that will provide you with the best personal reflection essay samples that are available on the internet. These websites will give you samples that will work best for you. Even though there are many websites that offer these essays, you will still be able to discover some samples that are more suited for you. Therefore, the more resources that you have in front of you, the greater chance th at you will be able to find the perfect examples.It is easy to take advantage of the essay examples that are available online. The only thing that you have to remember is that you need to decide on the type of essay that you will use and how it will be appropriate for your academic background. This will allow you to take full advantage of the resources that are available online.

Periodic Table of Elements Thorium Facts

Atomic Number: 90 Symbol: Th Atomic Weight: 232.0381 Discovery: Jons Jacob Berzelius 1828 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Rn] 6d2 7s2 Word Origin: Named for Thor, the Norse god of war and thunder Isotopes: All of the isotopes of thorium are unstable. The atomic masses range from 223 to 234. Th-232 occurs naturally, with a half-life of 1.41 x 1010 years. It is an alpha emitter that goes through six alpha and four beta decay steps to become the stable isotope Pb-208. Properties: Thorium has a melting point of 1750Â °C, boiling point ~4790Â °C, specific gravity of 11.72, with a valence of 4 and sometimes 2 or 3. Pure thorium metal is an air-stable silvery white which can retain its luster for months. Pure thorium is soft, very ductile, and capable of being drawn, swaged, and cold-rolled. Thorium is dimorphic, going from a cubic structure to a body-centered cubic structure at 1400Â °C. The melting point of thorium oxide is 3300Â °C, which is the highest melting point of the oxides. Thorium is attacked slowly by water. It does not readily dissolve in most acids, except hydrochloric acid. Thorium contaminated by its oxide will slowly tarnish to gray and finally black. The physical properties of the metal are highly dependent on the amount of oxide that is present. Powdered thorium is pyrophoric and must be handled with care. Heating thorium turnings in air will cause them to ignite and burn with a brilliant white light. Thorium disintegrates to p roduce radon gas, an alpha emitter and radiation hazard, so areas where thorium is stored or handled require good ventilation. Uses: Thorium is used as a nuclear power source. The internal heat of the earth is largely attributed to the presence of thorium and uranium. Thorium is also used for portable gas lights. Thorium is alloyed with magnesium to impart creep resistance and high strength at elevated temperatures. The low work function and high electron emission make thorium useful for coating tungsten wire used in electronic equipment. The oxide is used to make lab crucibles and glass with a low dispersion and high index of refraction. The oxide is also used as a catalyst in converting ammonia to nitric acid, in producing sulfuric acid, and in petroleum cracking. Sources: Thorium is found in thorite (ThSiO4) and thorianite (ThO2 UO2). Thorium may be recovered from monzonite, which contains 3-9% ThO2 associated with other rare earths. Thorium metal can be obtained by reducing thorium oxide with calcium, by reduction of thorium tetrachloride with an alkali metal, by electrolysis of anhydrous thorium chloride in a fused mixture of potassium and sodium chlorides, or by reduction of thorium tetrachloride with anhydrous zinc chloride. Element Classification: Radioactive Rare Earth (Actinide) Thorium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 11.78 Melting Point (K): 2028 Boiling Point (K): 5060 Appearance: gray, soft, malleable, ductile, radioactive metal Atomic Radius (pm): 180 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 19.8 Covalent Radius (pm): 165 Ionic Radius: 102 (4e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.113 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 16.11 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 513.7 Debye Temperature (K): 100.00 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.3 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 670.4 Oxidation States: 4 Lattice Structure: Face-Centered Cubic Lattice Constant (Ã…): 5.080 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)

Motivation and its centrality to successful business...

Motivation and its centrality to successful business practice Motivation Motivation is a key factor when managing any business. Motivation is important for a high productivity level. Productivity measures the relationship between the inputs into the business and the resulting output: There are several ways of measuring productivity: * Output per worker * Output per hour / day / week * Output per machine (if the business includes machinery). Unit costs divide the total costs by the number of units produced Unit costs = Total Costs / Units of output Stock levels A business will usually set itself a level of finished goods that it should receive. This is designed to satisfy the demand expected by the†¦show more content†¦When a company works in a production line they allow the mass production of consumer goods. Every job on a production line is simple and repetitive, and requires little training for the worker. Only basic needs would be met – pay, a job, a safe working environment. An employee though has the threat of losing their job which can easily be replaced. There are a number of advantages and disadvantages of working in a large organization. Here are some of them: Advantages: 1. More opportunities for promotion and career development. 2. More opportunities to take responsibility and make decisions when higher up the organisation. 3. Higher wages and bonuses for some workers if the company is successful. 4. More people to meet and make friends with 5. Company pension schemes and better health and safety schemes. Disadvantages: 1. Many workers will have low skilled and poorly paid jobs. 2. Less job security if the company is unsuccessful. 3. Close supervision over what workers are doing. 4. Production line jobs are boring and repetitive. 5. Poor communication and relations between workforce and management. Many people have wondered what people like and dislike about their job, Frederick Herzberg carried out some research during the 1960s to find out people’s opinions about their jobs. He took a sample of people at different levels in different jobs and asked them two questions: 1) What is itShow MoreRelatedBechmarking: Riordan Essay1138 Words   |  5 Pagesintends to discover the best practices of companies that have solved issues comparable to Riordan Manufacturings concerns. Its the best way to find solutions involving companies in the same industry, and then finding solutions to similar issues faced by companies in other industries. General Motors and Verizon are companies that have faced decreased sales and employee concerns over employee reward issues. In Riordan Manufacturing case, they have developed a new business strategy and provide newRead MoreGi s New Belief System1717 Words   |  7 Pagesbe encapsulated in the values that are recommended. 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His outgoing, likable personality could have factored into that success. High levels of openness to experience are associated with curiosity and a willingness to entertain new ideas and experiences (Barrick Mount, 1991). Those with high levels of openness to experience and motivation will be more likely to utilize their abilities to obtain initialRead MoreDick Spencer Case Study2397 Words   |  10 Pageswell as provide recommendations on how he could have been more successful as a manager. Dick Spencer experienced great success very early in his sales career. His outgoing, likable personality could have factored into that success. High levels of openness to experience are associated with curiosity and a willingness to entertain new ideas and experiences (Barrick Mount, 1991). Those with high levels of openness to experience and motivation will be more likely to utilize their abilities to obtain initialRead MoreLeadership and Followership3976 Words   |  16 Pagesfollowers who tag along mindlessly are altogether different from those who are deeply devoted. In reality, the distinctions among followers in groups and organizations are every bit as consequential as those among leaders. This is particularly true in business: In an era of flatter, networked organizations and cross-cutting teams of knowledge workers, it’s not always obvious who exactly is following (or, for that matter, who exactly is leading) and how they are going about it. Reporting relationships are

Uninsured free essay sample

The ratio was even higher at for-profit hospitals charging 4. 10 times more for the same procedures. The uninsured paid 3. 07 times more than the Medicare rates paid to Hospitals. Allowing minor medical conditions to go untreated or preventative medicine to be ignored will only increase the cost of health care in later years of life. Immunizations, examinations, and keeping people healthy is much cheaper than allowing problems to fester and later become much more expensive medical emergencies. When people become very sick and cant keep a Job, r reach the age of 65 years, they are covered under Medicare or Medicaid. Later, more expensive years of life that will be covered by government funding and our tax dollars. Health care costs for the uninsured are paid for in higher costs, higher premiums, and government programs paid for with tax dollars. We already pay for the uninsured. The question is, how do we reduce health care costs we already pay for? We reduce costs with preventive medicine and keeping Americans healthy. We will write a custom essay sample on Uninsured or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This article is an excerpt of Eric Wilsons groundbreaking new book, What You Dont Know Can Hurt America: A Voters Guide. Purchase the e-book here. Tagged with: emergency room visits health insurance hospitalizations public option taxpayer Uninsured About The Author Scott Cooney Scott Cooney (twitter: scottcooney) is an adjunct professor Sustainability in the MBA program at the University of Hawaii, green business startup coach, author of Build a Green Small Business: Profitable Ways to Become an Ecopreneur (McGraw-Hill), and developer of the sustainability board game GBO Hawaii. As a serial eco-entrepreneur who has started, grown and sold multiple green businesses, Scott believes that apitalism, true capitalism, can be a powerful force for change, but that our current version of capitalism is severely hampered by perverse subsidies and negative externalities that make unsustainable products less expensive than healthier alternatives. Scott is a vegetarian, an avid cyclist, and an organic gardener. Find Scott on Google Plus Visit Authors Website †+ One Response to Who pays for the uninsured, and how much? The Individual Mandate I Talking Philosophy says: April 2, 2012 at 4M 5 AM Obviously enough, when a hospital provides free medical care to the uninsured, t still must be paid for. After all, medical personnel do not work for free nor do the supplies and equipment needed for treatment come free. While hospitals do try to collect from the uninsured patients, this often does not cover the bill. After all, most people who are uninsured are without insurance because they cannot afford it rather than as a matter of choosing to forgo it. As such, the costs must be passed on to those who have insurance as well as on to the state. It is estimated that covering the bills of the uninsured adds $1 500 to a familys insurance pr.

Organization Development Essays - Change Management,

Organization Development Organization Development (OD) is the application of behavioral science knowledge to improve an organization's health and effectiveness through it's ability to cope with environmental changes, improve internal relationship and increase problem-solving capabilities. OD is an effort of planned, organizationwide, and managed from the top, to increase organization effectiveness and health through planned interventions in the organization process's using behavioral science. It must be managed from the top. Top management must have commitment to and knowledge about the goals of the program and must actively participate in the management of the effort. OD focuses on the entire organization; plant, firm or work group to attain the set intended goals. OD is both a professional field of social action and an area of scientific inquiry. It involves the creation and the subsequent reinforcement of change by using four major interventions: technostructural, human process, human resource management and strategic intervention. Some OD programs focuses more heavily on different kinds of change than others. The intent is to get a company to attain it's full potential in productivity and profits, to be able to solve it's own problems, and to manage change. This process is divided into three steps: entry, normative change, and structural change. In the entry stage the aim is to establish a felt need for change using three approaches, interviewing, survey information or other means to give the organization inharmonious information in what people wants and what actually happen. The second approach is used to demonstrate the value of OD through particular projects in one or more subsystems of the client's organization. The final approach is a direct attempt to change values through the use of T-groups or similar technique. Normative change step is directed at targeting as many organization members as possible to expose them to the new social norms. The intent is to change the climate of the organization. The final step is structural change; it involves placing advocates of OD in position where they have the power, prestige, and flexibility to conduct further OD projects. Technology change relates to the organization's way of doing its work. Technology changes were designed to make the production of product or service more efficient. A good example of technological change is the adoption of robotics to improve production efficiency in the automobile industry. Technological changes are more effectively implemented from the bottom up. The lower-level technology experts act as idea champions. Almost any change in the management of the organization falls under the structural change category. The implementation of new pay incentives, an affirmative action program, and a move from functional to product structure are all examples of structural changes. Successful structural changes are accomplished from the top down. The experts of administrative or structural improvement originate at upper middle to top managers. Organizations have traditionally structured themselves into three forms: functional departments that are task specialized, self-contained units that are oriented to specific products, customers, or regions and matrix structures that combine both functional specialization and self-containment. The basic hierarchical structure is probably the most widely used in organizations today. The management structure organized with, top management at the top and middle to lower employees spread out in a descending order. The organization more often than not would be divided into different departments or functional units, for example accounting, advertising, marketing, human

Watergate and Politics essays

Watergate and Politics essays A defining moment in American history, the Watergate scandal, dramatically transformed the way Americans view politicians and government. In the eyes of most Americans, trust, honor and integrity, vanished from the political landscape. For almost 200 years the American public viewed their government and its chief executive with virtual reverence. Presidents like George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, Franklin Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy were the embodiment of every principle and value set forth in the Constitution and Bill of Rights. The events that occurred in Vietnam coupled with the Watergate scandal shocked the nation and irreparably damaged the publics view of politics and government activities. The release of the Pentagon papers along with President Nixons sanctioning of illegal activities and his belief that it was executive privilege only fueled the outrage and betrayal felt by most people. The nation learned that ego and power can win over even the most venerable of men. Prior to winning the presidential election in 1968, Richard Nixon was a Congressman and then vice president to President Dwight Eisenhower. He normalized relations with China, eased tensions with Russia, negotiated peace with the North Vietnamese and brokered a non-aggression pact between Israel, Syria and Egypt. Despite these accomplishments, his attitude about Presidential power led to a string of illegal actions and a cover up that not only rocked a nation but ultimately led to his resignation of the Presidency. "When the president does it, that means that it is not illegal" is a quote that Nixon is most remembered by and summed up his attitude regarding his actions and his belief in executive privilege. The transgressions uncovered during the Watergate break-in investigation discouraged Americans by shattering their belief in Presidential infallibility. As Richard Nixons chief-of-staff, H.R. Haldeman, said, ...

Archaeological Hearths - Features With Benefits

Archaeological Hearths - Features With Benefits A hearth is an archaeological feature that represents the remnants of a purposeful fire. Hearths can be extremely valuable elements of an archaeological site, as they are indicators of a whole range of human behaviors and provide an opportunity for obtaining radiocarbon dates for the period that people used them. Hearths are typically used to cook food, but may also have been used to heat-treat lithics, burn pottery and/or a variety of social reasons such a beacon to let others know where you are, a way to keep predators away, or simply provide a warm and inviting gathering place. The purposes of a hearth are often discernible within the remnants: and those purposes are key to understanding the human behaviors of the people who used it. Types of Hearths Over the millennia of human history, there have been a wide variety of intentionally-built fires: some were simply piles of wood stacked on the ground, some were excavated into the ground and covered to provide steam heat, some were built up with adobe brick for use as earth ovens, and some were stacked upwards with a mix of fired brick and potsherds to act as ad hoc pottery kilns. A typical archaeological hearth falls in the middle range of this continuum, a bowl-shaped soil discoloration, within which is evidence that the contents have been exposed to temperatures between 300-800 degrees centigrade. How do archaeologists identify a hearth with this range of shapes and sizes? There are three crucial elements to a hearth: inorganic material used to shape the feature; organic material burned in the feature; and evidence of that combustion. Shaping the Feature: Fire-Cracked Rock In places in the world where rock is readily available, the defining characteristic of a hearth is often plenty of fire-cracked rock, or FCR, the technical term for rock thats been cracked by exposure to high temperatures. FCR is differentiated from other broken rock because it has been discolored and thermally altered, and although often the pieces can be refit together, there is no evidence of impact damage or deliberate stone working. However, not all FCR is discolored and cracked. Experiments recreating the processes that make fire-cracked rock have revealed that the presence of discoloration (reddening and/or blackening) and spalling of larger specimens depends both on the kind of rock being used (quartzite, sandstone, granite, etc.) and the kind of fuel (wood, peat, animal dung) used in the fire. Both of those drive the temperatures of a fire, as does the length of time the fire is lit. Well-fed campfires can easily create temperatures up to 400-500 degrees centigrade; long-sustained fires can get to 800 degrees or more. When hearths have been exposed to the weather or agricultural processes, disturbed by animals or humans, they can still be identified as scatters of fire-cracked rock. Burned Bone and Plant Parts If a hearth was used to cook dinner, the leftovers of what was processed in the hearth may include animal bone and plant matter, which can be preserved if turned to charcoal. Bone which was buried under fire becomes carbonized and black, but bones on the surface of a fire are often calcined and white. Both types of carbonized bone can be radiocarbon-dated; if the bone is large enough, it can be identified to species, and if it is well-preserved, often cut-marks resulting from butchery practices can be found. Cut-marks themselves can be very useful keys to understanding human behaviors. Plant parts can also be found in hearth contexts. Burned seeds are often preserved in hearth conditions, and microscopic plant residues such as starch grains, opal phytoliths and pollen may also be preserved if conditions are right. Some fires are too hot and will damage the shapes of plant parts; but on occasion, these will survive and in an identifiable form. Combustion The presence of burned sediments, burnt patches of earth identified by discoloration and exposure to heat, is not always macroscopically apparent, but can be identified by micromorphological analysis, when microscopically thin slices of earth are examined to identify tiny fragments of ashed plant material and burnt bone fragments. Finally, non-structured hearthshearths that either were placed on the surface and were weathered by long-term wind exposure and rain/frost weathering, made without large stones or the stones were deliberately removed later and are not marked by burned soilshave still been identified at sites, based on the presence of concentrations of large quantities of burnt stone (or heat-treated) artifacts. Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Archaeology Features, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Backhouse PN, and Johnson E. 2007. Where were the hearths: an experimental investigation of the archaeological signature of prehistoric fire technology in the alluvial gravels of the Southern Plains. Journal of Archaeological Science 34(9):1367-1378. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2006.10.027Bentsen SE. 2014. Using Pyrotechnology: Fire-related features and activities with a focus on the African Middle Stone Age. Journal of Archaeological Research 22(2):141-175.Fernndez Peris J, Gonzlez VB, Blasco R, Cuartero F, Fluck H, Saà ±udo P, and Verdasco C. 2012. The earliest evidence of hearths in Southern Europe: The case of Bolomor Cave (Valencia, Spain). Quaternary International 247(0):267-277. Goldberg P, Miller C, Schiegl S, Ligouis B, Berna F, Conard N, and Wadley L. 2009.Bedding, hearths, and site maintenance in the Middle Stone Age of Sibudu Cave, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 1(2):95-122. Gowlett JAJ, and Wrangham RW. 2013. Earliest fire in Africa: tow ards the convergence of archaeological evidence and the cooking hypothesis. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 48(1):5-30. Karkanas P, Koumouzelis M, Kozlowski JK, Sitlivy V, Sobczyk K, Berna F, and Weiner S. 2004. The earliest evidence for clay hearths: Aurignacian features in Klisoura Cave 1, southern Greece. Antiquity 78(301):513–525.Marquer L, Otto T, Nespoulet R, and Chiotti L. 2010. A new approach to study the fuel used in hearths by hunter-gatherers at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Abri Pataud (Dordogne, France). Journal of Archaeological Science 37(11):2735-2746. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2010.06.009Sergant J, Crombe P, and Perdaen Y. 2006. The ‘invisible’ hearths: a contribution to the discernment of Mesolithic non-structured surface hearths. Journal of Archaeological Science 33:999-1007.

Market Analysis for TESCO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Market Analysis for TESCO - Essay Example That was exactly the case with Tesco having over 450,000 employees and over 3,200 stores today. A very humble beginning in 1919 when Jack Cohen began this journey gradually transformed the fortunes. Strong Government support: It was the state patronage which encouraged the promoters of Tesco to plan for future. Not many hurdles were created by the political class. In fact Tesco also kept the ruling class in good humor by taking politically correct steps from time to time. Minimal competition during those early days: Those were the golden days when Tesco came out with its first branded tea in 1924, not many competitors were around and terms like 'cut-throat competition' were not even introduced. Satisfied customer: Grabbing customer attention is not a big deal but retaining customer loyalty requires sound thinking at the top. A satisfied customer often takes pride in becoming a goodwill ambassador for the company. Tesco team says1, "Our core purpose is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty." By all accounts it can be said that they are indeed working, quite successfully, towards that. Reigns in the hands of able management and shrewd strategists: It is said that 'Winners don't do different things, they do things differently'. This statement gives full credit to strategists of successful enterprises. Strategic decisions provide a direction in which the organisation is to move. Organisation's mission and objectives find a reflection of strategists. Tesco has a long term strategy for growth, based on four key parts: growth in the Core UK, to expand by growing internationally, to be as strong in non-food as in food and to follow customers into new retailing services. Committed workforce: Organisations are not passive components. They are live, full of activity and environment-responsive like living beings. With time organisations acquire a character and develop a typical personality and we tend to make an image of the employee depending on the organisation he/ she works for. This very personality of the organisation considerably influences the functions of organisation in the long run. Reasonably good industrial relations: Keeping the workforce in good humour by providing them with adequate benefits and considering them as an inseparable part of the organisation helps in resolving the disputes quickly. Good investor relations: This becomes all the more important when general public has a stake in any. After becoming Tesco PLC from Tesco Stores (Holdings) in 1983, Tesco became a public company and it has been sharing good amount of its profits with investors. Understanding the environment: Continuously monitoring the environment and following the leads is the key to a successful business. Continuously studying the different aspects of environment (social, political, legal, technological, etc) and taking corrective and adaptive steps accordingly helps in growing of an organisation. Tesco started computerised check-out counters as early as 1982 and this stride continued with opening of www.tesco.com and its online operations. On the societal front Tesco states, "One of our most important values is to treat people how we would like to be treated."2 With this in mind Tesco makes a

Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Dog Food Essay

Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Dog Food - Essay Example Dog foods are designed to give the proper nutrition and specific requirements of these pets. Recently, the importance of Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and fatty acids were highlighted by dog food makers. Fish oil, a rich source of fatty acids, was demonstrated in various uses such as improving dull coat of dogs, remedy for allergies, relieving inflammation, supporting brain and eye development. While there are specific studies that scientifically explain the functions of individual fatty acids, effects of doses of fatty acids, specifically DHA, in dog foods are not clear. DHA was proven to have beneficial effects on the brain development of young dogs and on the retina of growing and ageing dogs. There are claims of such benefits with the use of some dog foods but the methodology and results were poorly documented. This proposal aims to determine the effects, if there are any, and the extent of effects of DHA as a component of dog food on the health and intelligence of dogs. The objectives of this proposal includes 1) to determine the effects of different levels of DHA in commercial dog food (Hill's Science Plan) on learning and training ability of dogs, 2) to determine the effects of DHA in dog food through health indicators such as dog fur or coat and c) to determine the effects of DHA in dog food on eye functions of dogs. Fatty acids are forms of polyunsaturated f... Those that they cannot produce but are instead obtained through external sources such as food are called essential fatty acids (Ackerman 1148). Omega-3 fatty acids include Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) deficiency of which is related to skin disease development, Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) which is involved in vasoconstriction and related cardiac function and Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which is essential for brain and retinal functions. ALA is convertible into EPA and EPA is considered a major mover of the omega-3 fatty acids and is found in the cell membrane (Leaf 197-198, Kenny et.al. 660, Giron et.al.198). Omega-6 fatty acids on the other hand include Linoleic acid (LA) which is found in the skin, Gamma linolenic acid (GLA) and Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA) which are forms of LA, and Arachidonic acid (AA) which is involved in prostaglandin synsthesis. LA can be transformed into GLA. DGLA can be converted from GLA in the skin. LA is vital for optimizing skin's water permeability. AA in large amounts is detrimental to other fatty acids (Pitas 470, Campbell & Roudebush 82). DHA Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a major constituent of brain phospholipids and serves an important function in sustaining structural and functional properties of membranes. DHA is coupled in glycerophospholipids generally with palmitic acid and stearic acid and with an additional long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid which builds up in phosphatidylethanolamines. Adequate supply of DHA has been postulated to promote maximum neurological growth, information processing, the capacity to conduct electrical stimuli of nerve cells, and cognitive ability. There is consensus among experts that mammalian brain produces its own DHA during particular stages of intrauterine and

Black Leaders Of 20th Century Essay -- essays research papers

BLACK LEADERS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY In the time after the fall of radical black reconstruction of the nineteenth century, African Americans were being oppressed by rural farming, civil rights, economical advancement and sharecropping. Booker T. Washington charged the fight for economical and political accommodation with his dream of equal civil rights. Timothy Thomas Fortune was an influential black journalist that fought for the rights of African Americans through literal resistance. The Lonely Warrior, Ida B. Wells was an outspoken voice against lynching throughout America and fought against the oppression of men and woman everywhere. Booker T. Washington was one of the last great African American leaders born into slavery. Washington emphasized political means and civil rights along with economic means and self-determination. Washington was the founder of the Tuskegee Normal and the Industrial Institute in 1881, for the development of skilled trade. The Instituted was the largest self-black supported Institution in America at the time. The school taught the arts of trade, self-determination and economical independence of sharecropping. Washington gave the Atlanta Compromise Address in 1895, to disclaim the notion of white supremacy and social equality to the south. Booker T. Washington sought to influence whites, but sought out the solid programs of economical and educational progress for blacks. Washington was one that thought that speaking out against injustice was self-defeating and should be suppressed. Washington founded the National Negro Business League in 1900, helped put a stronghold on substantial black population and did little for black business. As the chief black advisor to President Roosevelt and Taft, Washington devoted much of his time to securing federal jobs and used political power to win over key political figures in the North. He aided many blacks businesses but also hindered the activities of those who spoke against him. He also helped appoint the first black assistant US Attorney General. Many of Washington's ideas and concepts are still being used today in black communities. Booker T. Washington was in control of many black newspapers that agreed with his views and opinions.... ...hting for all possible rights. Ida B. Well's kept up her fight for black equality for all African-Americans. Her fight stayed alive for some time until mutual friends such as Washington and Fortune decided to push her out of newspaper journalism for black rights and eventually out of the NAACP. All three figures that are talked about above are some of the greatest leaders in the fight for African-American rights. Booker T. Washington was a fine leader in (towards starting) the movement to push black equality, however he lacked the courage to be a true leader because he only wanted to keep whites pleased. The "Agitator" as Thomas T. Fortune was a great editor of black newspaper, next to Du Bois. Fortune is not all that and a bag of chips. He is a man that lived on hiding behind Washington and his ideas, was just a toy of Washington. "Joan of Arc", Ida B. Wells was the anti-lynching spokeswomen and the true heart and soul behind the fight for black equality in America. She is the only true independent leader out of the above. Wells spoke her mind, which was the truth, and she never looked back even when it was her life that mattered.

Planning Vacation

Krista Curtis Professor: Shelley St. Ange-Sheldon Essay: Problem Solving April 7th, 2013 Vacation time â€Å"A penny saved is a penny earned. † â€Å"A job worth doing is worth doing right. † We apply both of these sayings to the working world all of the time. Why not apply them to our vacationing world as well? Like most people, I look forward to a vacation, but planning it can become overwhelming if you’re not prepared. Planning a vacation should be fun and exciting.Vacationing is not always a priority to many families due to economic distress, but as little as a few hundred dollars you can plan a weekend getaway that’s inexpensive but a lot of fun! Figuring out what you’re interested in is a major factor in your planning. Not everyone is into car shows, bike rallies or the typical Disney vacation. Don't overlook major cities. Metropolitan areas like Jamestown, Norfolk, and Washington, D. C. offer families a variety of cultural and historical even ts that are child-friendly as well as interesting for adults.Look for destinations with sights, sounds, and adventures that match with your kids' interests like sports, theatre, art, history or architecture and choose a place that offers something for each one of your family member. First I would like to mention which states we would like to visit as a family, secondly I will discuss my finances and other requirements that best suit my family, and finally I would like discuss which state that I feel best meets those requirements.

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 897 Words

A very well-known topic in today s society is marijuana also known as cannabis or weed. As a matter of fact, the big question today that many people tend to disagree on is whether or not marijuana should be legalized? Recently, all eyes have been focused on Colorado due to the fact that they became the first state in the U.S to officially pass an amendment legalizing the consumption and use of marijuana. Marijuana can be classified as a depressant and a hallucinogen. This drug has been around since ancient times, and has been traced back to 2700 BC China, the Chinese Emperor Shen Nun used cannabis as a source of medicine and also for spiritual purposes. Later in 1611, marijuana was brought over to the â€Å"new world† by new†¦show more content†¦By legalizing marijuana it can benefit the country economically. If the government put marijuana on the market then our country would gain a tremendous amount of tax money. By legalizing marijuana it would also help benefit ma ny people medically. The number one reason medical marijuana is used for is PTSD, a post-traumatic stress disorder. Many veterans tend to suffer from this disorder when they comeback from gruesome wars. Medical marijuana is also used to prevent glaucoma, which is an eye disease that damages the optic nerves and causes vision loss or blindness. â€Å"One of the most well-known medical uses of marijuana is for people going through chemotherapy. (Jennifer Welsh)† THC is short for â€Å"tetrahydrocannabidinol: the active ingredient in cannabis, giving it its narcotic and psychoactive effects (Dictionary Reference)† found in cannabis has been proven to prevent seizures. Statistics have shown when THC is consumed it begins to relax and control the brain cells excitability. THC has also been proven to slow the formation of amyloid plaques that kill brain cells causing Alzheimer s disease. THC has also been proven to help relieve pain. Since this drug helps relieve pain many p eople that suffer from multiple sclerosis and arthritis could benefit from this. The list can go on because marijuana has numerous amounts of medical purposes that can people can benefit from. Legalizing marijuana can in fact, increase the economy. For example,